Dictionary of Irish Architects 1720 - 1940

Surveyor and engineer. John Bower was born at Downpatrick, Co. Down, on 8 December 1818, the son of WILLIAM BOWER WILLIAM BOWER , a native of Banffshire, who had come to Ireland in 1809, had settled in Downpatrick and had married in 1814 Sarah, daughter of John Graham, an eminent mathematician and diocesan schoomaster for the diocese of Down. John Bower was educated by his grandfather and served his pupilage under his father. He soon, according to his obituary in the Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 'became wonderfully proficient - a providential thing for him; for, having in 1839 lost his father by sudden death, he had at a very early age to take on himself the sole whole charge of his mother and her large young family - his father, through some unsuccessful mining speculations, having been unable to leave sufficient provision for them'. He was appointed assistant to JOHN FRASER JOHN FRASER , county surveyor of Down, and then joined the staff of Sir JOHN MACNEILL JOHN MACNEILL , being the youngest of his assistants. He was sent to Donegal in 1841, where he made a complete survey, valuation and rearrangement of the Earl of Leitrim's estates. He remained in Donegal and the neighbouring counties for several years, working for the Board of Works, Poor Law Board, and other employers until 1848. He was working in the Glasgow area in 1849 but had returned to Ireland by 1851, when,after a visit to London, he set up an office in Dublin.(1) In December 1851 he sat and passed the county surveyorship qualifying examination. The following year, with ARTHUR WILLIAM FORDE ARTHUR WILLIAM FORDE , he surveyed the country between Enniskillen to Sligo for the Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway Co. Besides surveys and valuations for various Poor Law Unions, he was involved with several railway lines, 'all involving severe Parliamentary contests, and with them, intense anxiety and great expense'. He was acting engineer on the St Johnston-Letterkenny railway line, 1859, and resident engineer on the Ballybofey-Strabane line (Finn Valley Railway) 1859-1863.(2) He was also engineer to the Dublin & Antrim and Letterkenny Railways, 1864-1875(3) and was involved with the Belfast Central Railways, the Northern Union and other extensions of the latter line. According to his obituarist, 'The Letterkenny Railway was the cause of much trouble, expense and legal complexity to him. After piloting through rocks and shoals - getting new Acts of Parliament, and re-establishing it after a collapse - the Directors refused to carry out the required conditions which finally wrecked it and almost wrecked him.'

In December 1860 Bower was appointed county surveyor for Co. Carlow.(4) He resigned from the post in 1877, in response to a vote of censure passed unanimously by the Grand Jury arising from his absence in order to attend as a witness before the House of Commons committee on the Belfast, Holywood and Bangor Extension Railway Bill.(5) In 1874 he was appointed Treasury Inspector for the Board of Works. He was subsequently engaged in the Downpatrick and Warrenpoint water supply.

Bower retired to Scotland for his health in 1884; he settled in Edinburgh, where he died on 31 December 1886. 'Few could have recognized in the gaunt old man - old before his time - who daily was to be seen reading in the Philosophical Institution, the strong, ardent, energetic, and successful engineer of some years back.' He never married, in order that he might better support his widowed mother and sisters, his devotion to whom was 'one of the strongest traits in his fine character'. 'The testimony of one who knew him best was that he was widely acquainted with current literature; a man of great poetical gifts, having left several unpublished works; wonderfully beloved by his friends and relatives; of a most generous and noble nature, a sanguine and enthusiastic temperament, and a helper - far beyond prudence sometimes - to any brother in need.' His pupils and assistants included ROBERT INKERMAN CALWELL ROBERT INKERMAN CALWELL , JAMES OTWAY  JAMES OTWAY and JOHN HARRIS HAZLETT SWINEY.  JOHN HARRIS HAZLETT SWINEY.

Bower was one of the architects, surveyors and engineers who produced drawings, plans and maps to illustrate the Incumbenred Estate Rentals. Lithographs from his drawings of Barkston Lodge, Co.Down (sold 25 Nov 1855) and Monknewton Mills, Co. Meath (sold 1856) are reproduced in Mary Cecilia Lyons, Illustrated Incumbered Estates Ireland, 1850-1905 (1993), 154,168.

In 1855 or 1856 Bower and W.G. Plunkett, of Boyle, obtained a patent for making paper and textiles from plants 'including the yellow iris, the burdock, the coltsfoot, and from the leaves and stems of red and white beet, mangolds, turnips, &c.'.(6) Nothing seems to have come of this initiative.

ICEI: delivers paper, 'A method of setting out Curves with Theodolite and Chain', 1846;(7) associate by 1849;(8) delivers paper, 'Single and Double Lines of Railways', 1855;(9) council member, 1857-1862;(10) delivers paper, 'The Monster Contract System', 1857;(11) vice-president, 1859.(12)
Inst.CE: elected member 4 February 1879.
RSAI (Kilkenny and South East of Ireland Archaeological Society): elected member 9 Jul 1862.(13)

Addresses:(14) Partick, Glasgow, 1849; 11 Ormond Quay Lower, 1853-10 Frederick Street South, <=1857-1867; 60 Sackville Street Upper, 1868-1873; 6 Stephen's Green North, 1874-1883.
Home: 28 Leinster Square, Rathmines, 1883.

See WORKS and BIBLIOGRAPHY. BIBLIOGRAPHY.



References

All information in this entry not otherwise accounted for are from the obituary of Bower in Min.Proc.Inst.CE 92 (1887-8), 379-81, and Brendan O'Donoghue, The Irish County Surveyors 1834-1944 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2007), 105-107, which gives the fullest account of Bower's career.

(1) According to the obituary in Min.Proc.Inst.CE he was in partnership with a 'Charles Swirey[Swiney?]'.
(2) DB 1, 1 Dec 1859, 165; DB 4, 15 May 1862, 127; DB 5, 1 May 1863, ?;  for a court case regarding a dispute with the contractors of the Finn Valley Railway (Edward, John and Patrick Moore), see  Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal 29, 1 Jun 1866, 184.
(3) Thom's Directory 1864-1875.
(4)
(5) IB 19, 15 Aug 1877, 246.
(6) Boyle Gazette, reprinted in The Engineer, 25 Jan 1856 (B.O'D.).
(7) TICEI 2 (1846), 49.
(8) TICEI 3 (1847-49), list of members.
(9) TICEI 5 (1855), 11.
(10) Thom's Directory, 1857-1862.
(11) TICEI 5 (1857), 65.
(12) DB 1, 1 Dec 1859, 165.
(13) JRSAI 7 (1862), 141.
(14) From TICEI 3 (1847-49), list of members, Thom's Directory and Post Office Dublin Directory.


8 work entries listed in chronological order for BOWER, JOHN C.


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Building: CO. DONEGAL, FINN VALLEY RAILWAY & BRIDGE
Date: 1859-1863
Nature: -
Refs: DB 1, 1 Dec 1859, 165; 5, 1 May 1863, 76

Building: CO. DONEGAL, STRANORLAR, RAILWAY STATION
Date: 1862
Nature: New. For Finn Valley Railway Co. Builder: John Handley.
Refs: IAA, PKS B/143 (Aug 1862.) and L1 (p.334-5,341-2,344,418,426 &c)

Building: CO. WEXFORD, ROSSLARE, HARBOUR
Date: 1863
Nature: Projected development with Waterford & Wexford Railway
Refs: DB 5, 1 Dec 1863, 191.

Building: CO. CARLOW, CARLOW, COUNTY COURT HOUSE
Date: 1867
Nature: Works at same, undertaken by direct labour. Cost about £600.
Refs: Brendan O'Donoghue, The Irish County Surveyors 1834-1944 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2007), 106.

Building: CO. DOWN, NEWRY, WATER SUPPLY
Date: 1869
Nature: Proposals for same. With Bernard B. Murray, for Newry Town Commissioners.
Refs: John Bower, Reports & observations on the… supply of water to…Newry, Dublin, 1870; Brendan O'Donoghue, The Irish County Surveyors 1834-1944 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2007), 107

Building: CO. CARLOW, BARROW DRAINAGE SCHEME
Date: 1871
Nature: Proposals for same.
Refs: IB 13, 15 Feb 1871, 43; Brendan O'Donoghue, The Irish County Surveyors 1834-1944 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2007), 107

Building: CO. CARLOW, CARLOW, DRAINAGE
Date: 1871
Nature: -
Refs: IB 13, 15 Aug 1871, 216

Building: CO. DOWN, WARRENPOINT, WATER SUPPLY
Date: 1875
Nature: Tenders invited for execution of Contract No. 3, Warrenpoint  Water Works, Aug 1875.
Refs: Irish Times, 17 Aug 1875.

Author Title Date Details
Bower, John 'A method of setting out Curves with Theodolite and Chain' 1846 TICEI 2 (1846), 49.
Bower, John 'Single and Double Lines of Railways' 1855 TICEI 5 (1855), 11.
Bower, John 'The Monster Contract System' 1857 TICEI 5 (1857), 65.
Bower, John The Barrow Drainage. Reply to 'Correspondence on the Barrow Drainage' 1869 1869.
Bower, John Reports & observations on the… supply of water to…Newry 1870 Dublin, 1870. (Reviewed in IB 12, 15 Oct 1870, 238.)
Bower, John C. 'Bower's Steam Valve'
Civil Engineer & Architect's Journal 8 (May, 1845), 162 (illus.).